International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) Chemistry Practice Exam

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Which fraction of crude oil is primarily used for making asphalt?

Diesel
Kerosene
Bitumen
Gasoline

The correct answer is: Bitumen

The fraction of crude oil primarily used for making asphalt is bitumen. Bitumen is a heavy, viscous material derived from the distillation of crude oil and is used extensively in road construction for creating asphalt. Its adhesive properties and durability make it an ideal choice for surfacing roads and creating pavements. This fraction of crude oil contains larger molecules that do not vaporize during the distillation process, allowing it to remain as a thick liquid. This contrasts with lighter fractions such as gasoline, kerosene, or diesel, which are composed of smaller, more volatile hydrocarbons used as fuels for vehicles and other applications. Thus, bitumen's specific properties and characteristics are what make it suitable for applications in construction and road maintenance.