What property of graphite allows it to act as a lubricant?

Graphite's ability to function as a lubricant is primarily due to the weak intermolecular attractions between its layers. Graphite is structured in layers that consist of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, and these layers are held together by weak van der Waals forces. Because of these weak interactions, the layers can slide over one another easily when a force is applied. This sliding motion reduces friction between surfaces, making graphite an effective lubricant.

The layered structure is pivotal for this property because it allows for easy movement without breaking strong covalent bonds that hold the individual carbon atoms within each layer. Therefore, when graphite is used as a lubricant, it effectively reduces wear and tear on equipment by providing a slippery surface. This characteristic distinguishes graphite from substances that lack such layered structures or have stronger intermolecular forces that would inhibit movement between layers.