Understanding the Molecular Formula for Butane

What is the molecular formula for butane?

• A. C4H10
• B. C3H8
• C. C5H12
• D. C2H6

Answer: (A)

Butane is an alkane with a simple structure consisting of four carbon atoms. Its molecular formula is derived from the general formula for alkanes, which is \(C_nH_{2n+2}\), where \(n\) is the number of carbon atoms. For butane, which has \(n = 4\), the formula calculates as follows: - Number of carbon atoms (C) = 4 - Number of hydrogen atoms (H) = \(2(4) + 2 = 10\) Thus, the molecular formula for butane is \(C_4H_{10}\), confirming that this is the correct choice. The other options reflect different alkanes or hydrocarbons with varying numbers of carbon atoms which do not represent butane. For instance, \(C_3H_8\) is propane (with three carbon atoms), while \(C_5H_{12}\) indicates pentane (five carbon atoms) and \(C_2H_6\) is ethane (two carbon atoms). Each of these molecular formulas corresponds to a different alkane and is thus inconsistent with butane's structure.

When you think of hydrocarbons, the name butane might pop into your head. As a student gearing up for Chemistry, recognizing its molecular formula is fundamental. So, what’s the formula? You guessed it—C4H10.

Let’s Break It Down

Butane is part of the alkane family, which is known for having a simple structure. This family of hydrocarbons follows a general pattern described by the formula C_nH_{2n+2}, which is just a fancy way of saying that for every n carbon atoms you have, there are 2n + 2 hydrogen atoms collaborating in the mix.

What Makes Butane, Well, Butane?

For butane:

• Number of carbon atoms (C): 4

• Calculation for hydrogen (H):

( 2(4) + 2 = 10 )

Hence, the molecular formula becomes C4H10. Neat, right?

Knowing the formula is not just about memorizing—it's about understanding how these elements interact. Each molecule of butane has exactly four carbon atoms and ten hydrogen atoms. The simplicity of these interactions opens wide doors to grasping more complicated structures as you advance in chemistry.

Things to Remember

Now, let’s clarify why some other options might’ve caught your eye—but are incorrect.

• C3H8: That’s propane! One less carbon makes a whole new compound.

• C5H12: Say hello to pentane! It’s got one extra carbon, changing everything.

• C2H6: That’s ethane, which, again, has fewer carbon atoms.

Why Does This Matter?

Understanding butane and its molecular formula is essential. It’s not just about passing exams; it's about building a strong foundation in organic chemistry principles. The properties of these molecules dictate how they react, which is vital for any budding chemist.

Final Thoughts

So, the next time someone asks, "What’s the molecular formula of butane?" you won’t just rattle off C4H10, but you’ll come armed with knowledge of why that is—a clear, confident answer that demonstrates your understanding. The journey in chemistry is a rewarding one, showcasing the beauty of how simplest elements create complex life. Remember, every bit of knowledge adds up!

At the core, it’s about getting comfortable with these formulas. Whether you’re dreaming of a future in chemistry or just trying to pass that IGCSE exam, mastering these basic concepts is the way to go. So keep studying, stay curious, and never hesitate to ask questions. It’s all in the name of discovery!