International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) Chemistry Practice Exam

What is the main reason rusting is considered an oxidation reaction?

1. Iron loses mass

2. Iron gains oxygen and loses electrons

3. Oxygen is consumed

4. It is a form of corrosion

The correct answer is: Iron gains oxygen and loses electrons

Rusting is classified as an oxidation reaction primarily because during this process, iron reacts with oxygen and moisture in the environment. In this reaction, iron atoms lose electrons to form iron ions, which is the essence of oxidation. The formation of rust (iron(III) oxide) involves iron gaining oxygen. This transfer of electrons signifies that the iron is oxidized, while the oxygen is reduced, confirming that oxidation is occurring. In the context of the other options, iron losing mass is a consequence of rusting as the iron is converted into rust, but it doesn't directly explain the oxidation process. The statement that oxygen is consumed is somewhat misleading because, while oxygen is indeed involved in the reaction, the focus on the loss of electrons and the gain of oxygen gives a clearer insight into why this is specifically an oxidation reaction. Lastly, describing rusting as a form of corrosion highlights its damaging effects but does not address the underlying chemical process of oxidation and electron transfer.