What is the correct equation for the reaction between lithium and water, including state symbols?

The reaction between lithium and water is characterized by its formation of lithium hydroxide and hydrogen gas, along with the correct representation of the physical states of the reactants and products. In this case, lithium, being a metal, is solid at room temperature, thus it is indicated as a solid, denoted as (s). Water, on the other hand, is in liquid form during the reaction and is represented as (l).

In the correct equation, lithium reacts with water to form dissolved lithium hydroxide, which is an aqueous solution, indicated as (aq). The production of hydrogen gas during this reaction is represented as (g), signifying it is in gaseous form. Therefore, the correct equation correctly combines these symbols: it shows 2 lithium atoms in the solid state reacting with 2 molecules of water in the liquid state to yield 2 moles of lithium hydroxide in solution and 1 mole of hydrogen gas.

This choice accurately depicts the conditions and outcomes of the reaction, making it clear and comprehensive in terms of stoichiometry and states of matter. The other choices misrepresent either the physical states or the products formed during the reaction, leading to a misunderstanding of the correct chemistry.