International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) Chemistry Practice Exam

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What is produced when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

  1. Water and sodium

  2. Sodium chloride and carbon dioxide

  3. Sodium chloride and water

  4. Sodium and oxygen

The correct answer is: Sodium chloride and water

When hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide, a neutralization reaction occurs. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid that dissociates into hydrogen ions (H⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) in solution. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), on the other hand, dissociates into sodium ions (Na⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻). In this reaction, the hydrogen ions from the hydrochloric acid combine with the hydroxide ions from the sodium hydroxide to form water (H₂O). The remaining sodium ions (Na⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) remain in solution and react to form sodium chloride (NaCl), which is common table salt. Thus, the products of this reaction are sodium chloride and water. This is a classic example of an acid-base reaction where an acid and a base neutralize each other to form salt and water.

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