What does the term "general formula" refer to in chemistry?

The term "general formula" in chemistry refers to a shorthand representation that conveys the composition of a family of compounds, indicating the number and types of atoms in a molecule. Option C accurately describes this concept, as it signifies a formula that allows chemists to work out the number of each type of atom present in a molecule. For example, in organic chemistry, the general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2, which provides a way to determine the molecular structure of any alkane based on the number of carbon atoms (n).

In contrast, the other options do not align with the meaning of a general formula. A formula representing the structure of a molecule emphasizes the spatial arrangement of atoms, which is more detailed than the general formula provides. A formula to calculate the amount of substance pertains to quantitative relationships in chemistry, not specifically about the molecular composition. Finally, a formula indicating the physical properties of a compound relates to characteristics such as boiling point or solubility, rather than the molecular formula itself.