At what temperature is sulfuric acid typically manufactured by the contact process?

The correct temperature for the manufacturing of sulfuric acid by the contact process is around 450°C. This temperature is chosen because it strikes a balance between maximizing the rate of reaction and the yield of sulfur trioxide (SO₃) from sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and oxygen, while also minimizing the reverse reaction that can occur at lower temperatures.

At higher temperatures, the reaction rate increases, allowing for more efficient production. However, the equilibrium of the reaction, which is exothermic, favors the formation of reactants at lower temperatures. Therefore, operating at approximately 450°C ensures that the production of SO₃ is optimized without significantly favoring the backward reaction.

Maintaining this specific temperature is key for industrial processes as it helps to ensure that the production is both efficient and economically viable. Other temperatures provided in the options fall outside the ideal range for maximizing the yield and efficiency of the contact process.